Life Processes- Transportation 2

Lesson 10

Welcome back students!

In our today’s lesson we move on to another important aspect of human transportation system, that is blood vessels.

           
        After the completion of today’s class, you will be able to

a)     Compare the structure and function of veins and arteries.

b)    Learn how blood reaches every cell of our body through capillaries.

c)     Study the lymphatic system.

d)    Discuss how water, minerals and food are transported in plants.

PLEASE COPY EVERYTHING IN YOUR BIOLOGY NOTEBOOK THAT IS WRITTEN IN RED. 

BLOOD VESSELS

1)    Arteries

2)    Veins

3)    Capillaries – one cell thick

COPY THE TABLE GIVEN BELOW.

(Copy the Points)

THE ABOVE THREE DIAGRAMS NOT TO BE DRAWN.

https://youtu.be/E-YOyz0bejM     Watch the video through the link

Read text book page 106

Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs

1. Separation of Blood: Animals that have requires high energy needs such as birds and mammals which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature. In these animals, the separation of the right side and the left side of the heart is useful to keep oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood form mixing. Due to this separation, it allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.

2. Lower Animals: In some lower animals like amphibians and reptiles have three chambered heart and can tolerate some mixing of the oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. These animals do not use energy for this purpose, they body temperature depends on the temperature in the environment. 

3. In fishes: Fishes have two chambered heart. The blood is pumped in the gills is oxygenated and passes directly to the rest of the body. The blood goes only once through the heart in the fish during one cycle of of the passage through the body.


LYMPH – Tissue fluid

                1) Through the pores present in the wall of the capillaries, some amount of plasma, proteins and blood cells escape into intercellular spaces in the tissues to form tissue fluid or lymph.

2)    Lymph is called as Extra cellular fluid as it baths the cells and lies outside the cells

3)    Colourless and contains WBC

4)    Flows in only one direction- tissue to heart, with less speed.

5)    Transports fatty acids and glycerol from small intestine to blood

6)    Destroys pathogens-WBC

7)    Drains excess tissue fluid from intercellular spaces back to blood.

https://youtu.be/o_TVdvaMCWA   this video explains formation of lymph, its importance.

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS

PLANTS SHOW TWO TYPES OF MOVEMENTS:

1)    Ascent of sap

2)    translocation of food

Ascent of sap- the upward movement of water and mineral salts from roots to various parts of plant against gravitational force is called ascent of sap.

It takes place due to –

1)    Root pressure

2)    Transpiration pull

       

ROOT PRESSURE

1)    It is carried out by xylem tissue - vessels and tracheids

2)    The root hair absorb water from soil by osmosis and take in minerals

Through diffusion.

3) A difference in concentration of ions is created between roots and soil

Which enables water to enter into roots.

4) This water along with dissolved minerals from root hairs pass into xylem

Vessels of root, then stem  and finally leaves.

TRANSPIRATION PULL

1)A lot of water evaporates through  stomata present in the lower surface of

Leaves.

2) This evaporation of water creates a suction force which pulls water from

Xylem cells.

 (DIAGRAM NOT TO BE MADE)

https://youtu.be/cnk3BJDBqIo    Ascent of sap

TRANSLOCATION OF FOOD

It is the transport of food from leaves to different parts of plant.

1)    It is done with the help of phloem tissue – sieve tubes and companion cells.

2)    Translocation of food is achieved by using energy.

3)    Glucose is first transferred to phloem tissue using energy in the form of ATP.

4)    This creates a difference in osmotic pressure and causes water to move into it.

5)    Soluble material is then transferred from phloem to other tissues.

( DIAGRAM NOT TO BE DRAWN)

https://youtu.be/hZAxvlXDiqA   THE VIDEO EXPLAINS TRANSLOCATION OF FOOD IN PLANTS    ( AFTER WATCHING THE VIDEO YOU MAY OBSERVE THE DIAGRAM AGAIN.) I HOPE THINGS ARE MUCH MORE CLEAR NOW.)

With this we end the topic transportation in plants and animals. We will end this chapter with the another important life process that is EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

ASSIGNMENT- Read pages 107,108 and 109 of your NCERT.